Adhd Causes And Effects On Children - 976 Words

ADHD: Causes? And Effects on Children ADHD is a common acronym for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is widely discussed and debated among professionals, scholars, parents and teachers. The first signs of hyperactivity alone were named in the late 1950s. ADHD is common among children today and many contend with the disorder. The causes of ADHD are still likely to be debated as many point the finger at a multitude of sources. Some of the possible causes are: heredity, environment, prenatal smoking, lead exposure, and diet. Although ADHD is still a topic for debate, there are many effects or symptoms children contend with and there are also many treatments. First a person must establish what ADHD is. It is an acronym for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. â€Å"ADHD is a neurobiological disorder that affects between five and seven percent of the population of children and adolescents and between one and three percent of adults† (Parker 2). In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD a host of factors should be established first. The symptoms must be present by school age which is five to seven. A child must also present with a certain number of the symptoms to be diagnosed. The symptoms are frequently noticed by parents and teachers first. Doctors must evaluate the child and get information from other sources. The parents need to provide a history of behaviors, including the severity of the symptoms and when they started. If the child is in school theShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1045 Words   |  5 PagesChildren who have extreme levels of attention deficits of hyperactivity have been proven by investigators to bear out the validity of this disease for centuries. Yet only since the children have been identified with this particular syndrome, where they adopt behaviors that are not expected, have emerged questions about it. According to Kewley on his book Attention Deficit Hyperac tivity Disorder â€Å"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an internationally recognized medical condition ofRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1702 Words   |  7 PagesIs it true that sugar causes or contributes to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? This is an important question that many parents, teachers and researchers are trying to answer. Sugar has long been suspected to be a cause behind ADHD symptoms. But research has yet to validate the connection. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the idea that refined sugar causes ADHD or makes symptoms worse is accepted, but more research disproves this theory than supports it. The JournalRead MorePharmacological Treatment Paper808 Words   |  4 Pages also known as ADHD, is one of the most frequent psychiatric conditions recognized in children (Am, 2007). There are concerns with over-diagnosing children with ADHD and over-treating them with medication, even among some profess ionals. Society is often unaware of the effects of pharmacological treatment for children with this disorder and early health interventions. Through research, this paper will address the long-term effects of pharmacological treatment for children with ADHD. Despite the factRead MoreAdhd : Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder. ADHD is characterized by the inability to pay attention, extreme hyperactivity, impulsivity, difficulty controlling behavior, and not acting appropriate for the standards of one’s age. The cause of ADHD is unknown, however it is suggested that it is caused by certain environmental and genetic factors. ADHD is diagnosed using the criteria in the most recent DSM (The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)Read MoreThe Ethics of Giving Children ADHD Medication1642 Words   |  7 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder that causes children to have problems with paying attention, trouble with following instructions, have impulsive behaviors and become easily distracted. Medications, such as Adderall and Ritalin, are used to treat the symptoms of this disorder by helping the patient to focus and pay attention while also curbing their impulsive behavior and hyperactivity. Side effects of these medications are, but not limited to, anxiety, addictionRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesHyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American children are half as likely asRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 Pageshim tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the education of the world today. It impacts children’s and adults’ lives forever affecting their ability to perform well in school, their relationships with their families, and their ability to perform on a job. People must understand what attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is, the causes and symptoms, and the treatmentRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Children s Children Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology Causes ADHD in Children Alderman states, â€Å"kids from eight to eighteen years of age spend seven and a half hours a day using entertainment media.† This startling fact means that out of only 24 hours in a day, nearly one third of that time is spent looking at a screen. With screen time becoming more prevalent, it is no surprise that there are effects on the human body. The rise of technology use and ADHD diagnosis correlate to conclude that overstimulation of technology causes ADHD in childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder748 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Well it is one of the most commonly developed disorders among children, teens and adults (National Institute of Mental Health). In fact 5-8% of school-aged children are affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Mikami, Reuland and Griggs). According to the Mayo Clinic staff, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a mental health condition exhibited by difficulty mainta ining attention, as well as hyperactivity and impulsive behaviorRead MoreADHD Research Paper1417 Words   |  6 PagesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects school aged children with a high degree of inattention, excessive hyperactivity, impulsivity or a combination of any of these. In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, there must be two different environments in which the child has displayed his or her symptoms and it must occur before the child is twelve years of age (Halter, 2014). Children have a high comorbidity level with developmental, learning

Symbolism And Meaning Of The Hunting Scenes - 1553 Words

Symbolism and the Meaning of the Hunting Scenes In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight there is many symbols throughout the poem. The hunting scenes are told in great detail throughout the poem. The unknown author writes these scenes to add meaning to the poem. The scenes depicts the hunting of the three different prey Lord Bertilak is after. Each scene contains symbolism and importance and help develop and enhance the plot throughout the poem. One may wonder why the author might include the hunting scenes at all. According to critic, Donald Howard, â€Å"all the hunted animals convey connotations of evil, and this is doubtless the reason why the author of the poem seems so involved in the outcome of the hunts and never tires of triumphantly describing the final slaying of the pursued animals (85). This is an interesting idea and could be a due to his religious beliefs. In the poem, the animals are not described as evil. The fox is described as cunning, â€Å"Carefully he creeps by th e edge of a copse, / convinced that his cunning has conned those canines† (1710-11). He is not seen as evil as some may think that the fox is. Howard believes that the animals are wicked but the in the poem there is no implication that they are evil in any way. In medieval times animals were thought to have human qualities and emotions. The three animals in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight are described as having human qualities. First, Henry Savage states, â€Å"Certain facts about the animals which formedShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Good Will Hunting 1553 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Movie â€Å"Good Will Hunting† I have watched a considerable number of movies this semester so it was hard to choose which one to analyze. It came down to â€Å"Remember the Titans† or â€Å"Good Will Hunting†. However, the movie that I will be analyzing is â€Å"Good Will Hunting†. The reason I chose this movie is that it can be analyzed in many different ways. I will be analyzing different scenes of the movie and analyze them from different angles. I will be analyzing about the symbolism that is happening inRead MoreAnalysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1547 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Green Knight, there are many symbols throughout the poem. The hunting scenes are told in great detail throughout the poem. The unknown author writes these scenes to add meaning to the poem. The scenes depicts the hunting of the three different prey Lord Bertilak is after. Each scene contains symbolism and importance and helps to develop and improve the plot. One may wonder why the author might include the hunting scenes at all. According to critic, Donald Howard, the hunted animals conveyRead MoreComparing Frans Snyders Deer Hunting And Frida Kahlo s The Wounded Deer1423 Words   |  6 Pageschosen two paintings to compare and contrast for this essay: Frans Snyders’ Deer Hunting and Frida Kahlo’s The Wounded Deer. Deer Hunting was painted in 1631 in Belgium during the Baroque period. The Wounded Deer was painted in 1946 in Mexico and is a piece of surrealist art. Although these pieces of art were painted during two different time periods they are able to be compared by diving deeper into the meanings, symbolism, technique, and the characteristics common for each of the respective periodsRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight Hunt vs. Temptation: a Comparison816 Words   |  4 Pagesthe author would not have spent time on details that do not add to the meaning of the overall telling of the story. The three hunting sc enes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and in parallel, the three temptations, monopolize a considerable portion of the story. In a comparison of the three hunts and their corresponding temptations, we will see how the poet parallels these circumstances to emphasize the meaning of its symbolism. In Medieval times, people believed many animals had human qualitiesRead MoreSymbolism Of The Hunting Scenes Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1379 Words   |  6 PagesChris O’Keefe Literature 201 Dr. Marciano September 26, 2017 THE MEANING AND SYMBOLISM OF THE HUNTING SCENES IN SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, one of the most famous Arthurian literary texts ever written, is an enthralling tale of medieval heroism, knighthood, chivalry, and romance. Due to the entertaining nature of this poem, it is often easy for the modern reader to miss the extensive symbolism and critics, on medieval society and the chivalric code, which theRead MoreThe Assyrian Lion Hunt Reliefs1719 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresented the king, the symbolism of the lion, and artistic prowess of the piece will be exposed. Perhaps the most mysterious thing about the Lion Hunt reliefs is motive behind their creation. At face value they are gorgeous pieces of art with excellent attention to detail. Yet the subject matter and the gruesome illustrations do serve a purpose to the one who requested their construction, the Assyrian king. Reade believes that artwork that displayed the king’s personal hunting achievements to be locatedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Django Unchained 1570 Words   |  7 Pageslocated at the location of the famous Calvin Candie, who is a cotton-field owner. Schultz and Django then come up with a plan to rescue his wife from Candie. Film’s Genre Drama, Western Possible Themes Slavery, Bounty Hunting, Love, Education, Freedom Title Meaning The meaning behind the title Django Unchained comes from Django himself. With Django being a slave, the movie shows him being â€Å"unchained† because of Schultz, as well as gaining power and intelligence to rescue his wife. CharacterRead MoreEssay Comparison of the Social Network and the Catcher in the Rye1111 Words   |  5 Pagesultimately are very vulnerable souls. The dilemmas that Holden and Mark face are alienation, betrayal and identity. Fincher and Salinger both use many techniques in order to highlight these dilemmas, including setting, the theme of friendship/loyalty and symbolism. Fincher and Salinger both expose their protagonist’s dilemmas of alienation and isolation from society. The technique in which both authors used to expose this dilemma was setting. Both of the novels’ opening settings have a strong essence ofRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1586 Words   |  7 Pagesadherence to the knight’s code of chivalry. The Code of Chivalry includes qualities such as honor, love, and humility. In the poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the author uses different types of symbolism to demonstrate the theme of the nature of chivalry. The readers are first introduce with symbolism at beginning of the story with the fall of Troy, for example, â€Å"When the siege and the assault were ended at Troy, The city laid waste and burnt into ashes† (1-2). The poet then describes the foundingRead MoreThe Most Dangerous Game By Richard Connell1360 Words   |  6 Pagespersonification, symbolism, and repetition in the story, it conveys that one should understand to never underestimate another person and remember that there will always be a consequence for the wicked things that one has done. Sarcasm and trickery from one person can cause another person’s skills to emerge. One way to understand why one shouldn’t underestimate someone and to be beware that the outcome of the corrupted actions that one has done is unthinkable, is shown through the use of symbolism and personification

Nietzsche Free Essays

Perhaps the most convincing arguments Nietzsche makes for the idea that God is either dead or does not exist is the idea that God is a creation of Western society, a universal ideal of morality, truth and ethics. When he argues then that those things no longer exist, if indeed they ever did, as a unifying factor in European culture, he makes a convincing argument that God was merely a creation of humanity to fulfill a spiritual need for there to be a greater good or high purpose for life. In Nietzsche’s argument, the next step after the acceptance of the death of God is a step toward nihilism and the idea that life has no meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on Nietzsche or any similar topic only for you Order Now On a personal level, choosing to accept the idea that God does not exist gives the reader the ultimate freedom and responsibility for his own life. The reader can no longer blame personal decisions on some epic struggle between good and evil, but must acknowledge that his or her actions are his own, chosen based on her own wants, needs and perceptions. The idea that there is no higher power to answer to can be emotionally devastating or it can be liberating. For many the idea of God has always been a strange dichotomy as most religious preach a god of mercy and love and yet bad, often horrible, things happen, even to those who are devout worshippers of that god. Too often, the religious have tried to explain away why God allows bad things to happen. From hurricanes to the Holocaust, there has never been a logical explanation for a God of love and mercy to allow evil. Some have argued that evil must exist to show good for what it is, but that too is simply hiding behind the reality. One does not have to eat a good apple to know when one is bad and vice versa. Any act can be judged on its own merit without the benefit of the opposing force. Therefore, determining that God does not exist only matters when the person who discovers this decides it matters. For those with no faith, the death of God means nothing. For people of faith, it is a devastating conclusion. However,   it seems that it should be argued that people of faith, for whom seeing is not believing, should never become convinced that God does not exist and should be completely unaffected by Nietzsche. In essence, since God is a concept defined by man, its importance is likewise defined by man.    How to cite Nietzsche, Essay examples Nietzsche Free Essays 1. Introduction In the following I will consider Nietzsche’s essay ‘On truth and Lies in a nonmoral sense’.   First I will look at a small section of this to work out his views on language, then I will examine the whole of the essay in order to consider his use of metaphor, metonymy and anthropomorphisms in detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Nietzsche or any similar topic only for you Order Now This examination will lead, by way of a consideration of the ways in which he uses metaphor and other devices, into a consideration of his arguments regarding the nature of language. I will put forward the view that his interpretation of the nature of language undermines itself as it seeks to put itself forward as a truth while denying that truth exists as such. 2. Truth and Language First, I consider the passage which starts â€Å"What then is truth†.   In this passage, Nietzsche wants to convey the flexible and changing quality of language.   The statements which we take as truth, straightforward and easy to understand, were in fact originally more akin to poetry in their relationship with how things really are. Language which was originally used in a metaphoric, metonymic or anthropomorphic way has lost the vital force of the original statements, the original power of the symbolic use of language has become lost and only a shell remains. Over time the non-literal original sense has become literal so we take the words as a straightforwardly true or false statement.  Ã‚   In the original use of language, people could understand that the terms were not meant literally but a rich and evocative picture of how things are. This richness has become lost and we are left only with the empty structural force of the language, which we interpret as simple truth. This is my overall understanding of this paragraph. However it is difficult to paraphrase accurately, due to the richness of the language Nietzsche uses. We could in fact say that his contention that â€Å"truths are illusions which we have forgotten are illusions† is couched in terms which are in themselves heavily metaphorical, rather than the propositions which would be easy to paraphrase.   Truth, in the paragraph in question, is ‘a movable host’, an ‘illusion’, something which is ‘drained of sensuous force’ and a ‘coin’. The associations of these are rich, but not necessarily reconcilable. A coin, for instance, is not an illusion as it is an everyday part of economic exchange.   Therefore, the most important facet of Nietzsche’s argument would seem to be that it is not a conventional argument; rather he uses poetry and metaphor to demonstrate the nature or language, rather than explain it in a step by step way. I now turn to the larger essay of which this quotation is a part.   There are a host of metaphors, metonymies and anthropomorphisms in it[1], and as pointed out in the question it is easy to overlook these.  Ã‚   I will pick out a few of these to discuss why it is easy to overlook them.   Part of the reason would seem to be that the text is simply so dense with them. In some sentences,   several of these devices being crammed into it. Take, for example, the first few sentences (1).   â€Å"World history† is described as â€Å"arrogant and mendacious†; an anthropomorphic device ascribing human characteristics to an abstract notion. Nature, likewise, is said to â€Å"draw a few breaths† which combines anthropomorphism with the metaphor of taking a while to pause.   Later in the same paragraph, nature is said to â€Å"swell up like a balloon† which again combines metaphor and anthropomorphism.   As well as the denseness with which these devices are packed, it is also the case that a more obvious device masks one in the same sentence which is less flamboyant.   For example, in the sentence quoted immediately above, nature is also described as â€Å"reprehensibleâ€Å": a quality which properly speaking should really be ascribed to humans only. This less noticeable anthropomorphism somehow comes across as a literal statement. I suspect this is part of Nietzsche’s intention, as it shows the way in which language can slip from being thoroughly poetic to less obviously so.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The structure of his essay works to underline this. Passages of a less metaphorical or metonymic nature occur in between passages where the use of these devices, together with anthropomorphism, is dense.  Ã‚   For example, Nietzsche discusses (4) how metaphor is involved in every step of verbalization and conceptualization from sense perception to abstract terms. This discussion is couched in reasonably straightforward language without obvious use of metaphor and the like. Passages such as these are, however, set against ones in which the language is dense with poetic devices, where, as Nietzsche says there is â€Å"a moveable host of metaphors, metonymies, and anthropomorphisms† (5).  Ã‚   Such poetic passages require a different type of reading, one in which we are forced to recognize language as the dense and image-packed structure Nietzsche would have us believe it is in its entirety. In other words, I would contend that the mixing of metaphorical passages with more ’straightforward’ ones is a device intended to remind us of the inherently metaphorical nature of all words. Another way in which Nietzsche uses the devices reinforces the above. The metaphorical, metonymical and anthropomorphic passages provide a vivid and strong illustration of his points in the more straightforward sections. For example, he talks about man’s need for deception (2) â€Å"a continuous fluttering around the solitary flame of vanity†. The visual image thus constructed powerfully reiterates the later points he makes about the nature of truth and the value it plays for mankind.  Ã‚   He appeals, as it were, to both our intellect and our senses. Section two of the essay is rich   in unusual use of metaphor and other devices.   Perhaps the most dense passage occurs at the end, where Nietzsche talks about intuitive (as opposed to rational) man.   He piles device upon device to reiterate the way he portays intuitive man. He is said to â€Å"reap† â€Å"a harvest† from his intuition, but Nietzsche takes the unusual step of elaborating this metaphor in another direction, for what man reaps is â€Å"continually inflowing illumination†, a metaphor one would associate with a river, not a harvest. I believe Nietzsche compounds metaphors in this way in order to demonstrate that the sense of what he is saying is not straightforward but has depths and resonates in different directions. It is also unusual that these two metaphors hide another, at the beginning of the sentence, where man is said to be â€Å"standing in the midst of a culture†.   Here one could almost overlook the metaphoric nature of the expression, as it is close to a common-sense expression. I’d suggest that here Nietzsche is using the more unusual figures of speech as a way of alerting   us to the metaphorical nature of all expression, including cases like this where the metaphor has almost passed into ordinary use. Another remarkable passage starts section two. Here the scientist is described as building his â€Å"hut†, which is equated with his understanding of the world. The imagery here is particularly rich and evocative, drawing up a visual image of a towering structure.   It would seem that Nietzsche uses such particularly visual imagery to introduce his discussion of dreams, for the words evoke images akin to dreaming consciousness. A final point I would make about the use of metaphorical devices centers on his use of different metaphors (in this case with an animal theme) to reinforce his points.   For example, when talking about the development of conceptualization, he compares it to both building upon a spider’s web and to a bee’s building with wax (7).   Earlier in the same passage he talks of this conceptualization in the context of the Roman gods.  Ã‚   Because he repeats metaphors taken from levels ‘above’ and ‘below’ that of man, it is as if he is creating an over-metaphor which draws attention to man’s nature and its distinctness from the animal kingdom and that of the gods, which in turn serves to reinforce his notion of the subjectivity of language and perception. I now turn to the general points made about language in the essay as a whole. Firstly, I will give an overview of the essay itself before turning to a critique of Nietzsche’s points.   The essay divides into two parts, and the tone of each is slightly different. The first contains more argument of a philosophical nature, although in the context of rhetorical passages, whereas the second is more lyrical in tone throughout.   In part one, Nietzche discusses man’s intellect. We think we are the centre of the universe, and that our knowledge is a special thing, but so do the most lowly members of the animal kingdom. Our nature is inherantly deceptive, not aimed towards truth, however due to social constraints we feel it necessary to embrace truth in order to become part of a social world.   He then turns to the nature of truth, which for Neitzsche is inherantly illusionary and based on metaphor. Looking at the way in which we come to understand the world, this is based not on an actual coherence to things in themselves but an illusion,   even at the most basic perceptual stage. Likewise concepts and abstractions have no inherant connection to the ‘real’ state of the world. The moral impulse towards truth is nothing more than a Darwinian survival of the fittest.   Man cannot escape the trap of his inherantly metaphorical viewpoint, which is also specific to the human species alone. However, to give ourselves a sense of security, we have to forget the metaphorical nature of understanding and take our experience as an experience of how things really are. Nietzsche concludes part one with a summary of the subjectivity of man’s experience. Part two has a different tone, being more poetical overall.   He starts by dismissing the claims of science to impart general truths which hold for all time. He reiterates that the drive to metaphor is the most important. Dreams are a way in which we can begin to understand the richness of the creative and metaphorical drive for what it is, a drive which is distinct from the scientific, rational one. In this section, Nietzsche seems to be hinting, against the first section, that through dreams and art man can perhaps come to an understanding of the role metaphor plays in language and truth. Nietzsche makes several general assertions about the nature of language in his essay. His foremost point is that language is inherently metaphorical.   As pointed out, he reiterates this by use of the type of device he believes is a model of language.  Ã‚   This, I think, is the central theme of his essay, and one which, by his use of language, he puts across most subtlety.   However, there seems to be a problem with his view point.   He seems to be taking the viewpoint of someone who can say what is true and what is not. He wants to say that truth as we perceive it is an illusion, but does not explain why we should believe his illusion rather than any other.   He does not merely want to suggest by poetic devices that truth is an illusion, but to argue that this is the case.  Ã‚   He wants to do philosophy, not poetry, and philosophy is concerned with using rational argument to put forward ones own case, and dismiss opposing views.   The problem is that any argument he uses to support his own view also works against this view. I believe Nietzsche’s other points are flawed also.   Man’s nature, he contends, is to deceive himself, and this, he postulates, is for a Darwinian end, the survival of the individual (2).  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first instinct of the individual is self-preservation, and hence to deceive. However, social forces come into play; if man wants to exist happily with others he cannot be seen to tell lies, that is, to disagree with the herd.   Therefore the desire for truth comes into play. Truth is useful to society. Man does not desire truth for his own sake, as the philosophers say, rather he â€Å"desires the pleasant, life-preserving consequences of truth† (3).  Ã‚   Nietzsche thus postulates a socially driven theory of truth, where the quest for knowledge is an illusion, and social reality the only reality.   My argument with this would be it fails to explain cases where individuals act in a way which they know will make their position in their social group uncomfortable and unpleasant, and do so because they want to find the truth. Nietzsche talks about the way in which humans develop language to argue that metaphor is always present from original sense perceptions (3-4).   He says â€Å"a nerve stimulus is transferred into an image: first metaphorâ€Å" (4).   After this, he says, each subsequent stage is also built upon metaphor. However, I would argue that in order to distinguish a metaphor as such, we need to have a concept of how things really are, in order that we can know when descriptions are metaphorical (that is, not literal).   If, as Nietzsche argues, metaphor exists from the very first act of perception, then how can we make sense of a distinction between metaphor and non-metaphor? There is also, I believe, a confusion in the essay about the status of what Nietzsche proposes. He suggests that man had to erase the understanding of the metaphorical nature of language from his consciousness in order to live with any sense of security, and also that if man could escape from the confines of this prison-like viewpoint, â€Å"his â€Å"self-consciousness† would be immediately destroyed† (8).   This suggests that man is permanently trapped in the view of language as a truth bearing vehicle, unable to see things as they really are.   This is problematic in two ways. First, that Nietzsche obviously thinks he can stand outside this language trap in order to explain how others are bound by it. Secondly, he seems to suggest at the same time that man can come to the realization that the nature of language and indeed life is other than he believes it to be, which assumes that the prison of language is one that can, and should be overcome.   This confusion seems at least partly to derive from the two sections of the essay, which are different in tone. In the second section he seems to be saying that art is one way in which man can free himself from the confines of language and â€Å"confuse the conceptual categories and cells by bringing forward new transferences, metaphors, and metonymies† (10). 3. Conclusion In the above, I have attempted a brief analysis of Nietzsche’s essay. I have attempted to bring out his central point, that language is essentially metaphorical, and also to look his other discussions of the nature language and truth plays for man.   I have looked at the ways in which he uses metaphor, metonymy and anthropomorphism in different ways, each of which underline his central ideas about language.   I have tried to show that, for me, his arguments although subtle and dense are ultimately not coherent, as he tries to step outside the framework of metaphor to explain how things ‘really are’. I also suggest that although Nietzsche is attempting philosophy, to convince the reader that he has a valid thesis and to present the argument for this, it is difficult to answer his case fully as he uses the resources of a poet as well as a philosopher.   It is not within the brief to use poetry and metaphor to answer Nietzsche, so there’s a sense in which I am unable to answer him on his own terms. [1]   briefly, a metaphor is when one thing is compared to another by saying â€Å"a is b† or similar, for example â€Å"my heart is a fountain†, where b is something which a is not normally literally said to be.   Metonymy is where a feature of something is used as a shorthand for the thing itself. For example, a school child might refer to a particular teacher as ’big nose’.   Finally anthropomorphism is when human characteristics are ascribed to animals: Nietzsche’s use seems also to include the ascription of specifically human traits to an impersonal non-human world. How to cite Nietzsche, Essay examples Nietzsche Free Essays Nietzsche says, in effect, that between Plato, Augustine, and the Buddhist there’s â€Å"not a dime’s worth of difference. † What features does he see them as having in common? Why does he not share these points of view? Nietzsche viewed our values in life in a different way than most philosophers. He had a different perspective in the meanings behind â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad. We will write a custom essay sample on Nietzsche or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Most philosophers defined â€Å"good† as the weak and ill ones, by Judgement of ranking and high class to low class. Nietzsche believed that all philosophers lacked the â€Å"historical spirit itself. They all have the common Judgement of determining the concept and judgement of â€Å"good. † Nietzsche talks about how unegoistic actions were always praised as good even when they weren’t naturally good. Nietzsche believes that the judgement in â€Å"good† does not stem from those who goodness is rendered. This means those to who goodness was shown weren’t actually good. He believed that the noble and powerful ones, the ones who were ranked as good because of high- ranking, high-minded, and powerful ranked themselves and their doings of â€Å"good. The good good is compared to the word truth because the good is the truth and the ruth is the good. The rich, high ranking, strong, beautiful, brave and powerful are associated with the truth and good. As for the poor, ugly, common and low ranking, they are associated with cowardice and lying. Nietzsche blames the Jews for the views and how people defined â€Å"good† and â€Å"evil† because the Jews, who were poor, and common, were in Nietzsche words â€Å"the most refined hates in human history. † It is because of the Jews that people view the poor, and wretched as good and the powerful and noble as evil. This brings us to the conclusion that Nietzsche believes hey all have in common in what he calls the slave revolt in morality. The slave revolt in morality begins when resentment becomes a creative force. It gives birth to new values and causes a battle between power, values, and ranking issues. The slave revolt morality causes the slave to feel much resentment against its master, Resentment that turns into evil. Imaginary revenge builds up within a slave against its master, turning the slave to â€Å"bad/evil. † In the slave revolt morality, the slave see themselves as the good and their masters as the evil ones when in reality it urns into the opposite because of the resentment that builds up inside them against their masters. The man of resentment allows for hatred to grow in him and having to rely on secrets and scheming, becoming more clever than the noble man. Also, slave morality declines what is different, and not itself. It says â€Å"no† to an outside and anything that is different, this is a creative deed. It makes people realize the distinctions between things. This is important because it us a system that helps level everything out instead of promoting greatness. Nietzsche By rosast6 How to cite Nietzsche, Papers

Web Programming Framework

Question: Describe the advantages and disadvantages of web programming framework. Answer: Introduction Web Programming Framework or commonly known as Web Application Framework is nothing but a Software Framework which has been developed to support the designing and development of web resources, web services, web applications and dynamic websites. This framework is targeted to support the general activities which are performed in the web development. For example, there are frameworks which provides templates for certain activities, some frameworks do session management, some includes libraries which are very much important for accessing the databases etc. Earlier, with the advent of World Wide Web, static web pages were developed with the use of HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up Language). However, to promote two way interaction and include dynamic activities, CGI (Common Gateway Interface) was introduced (Balat 2009). For this purpose, at the same time, many web based languages started to be developed. A few which were started initially are WebBase, PHP, Cold Fusion, Active Server Pages etc. At present, the developers have a large number of languages available to them to create dynamic web pages. The web applications however, require a lot of libraries to be compiled so as to generate certain activities. Today, a lot of platforms and languages are there which provide a completely compiled version of web development framework which allow the developers to perform all the activities at a single standalone platform. Example of these are WebObjects, ASP.NET, JavaEE, Django etc. Architecture of Web Programming Framework Three Tier Organization In case of Three Tier Organization, the applications are generally developed around 3 tiers of development namely, application, database and client (Cooper 2007). The client is generally web browser which have the functionality to run the HTML pages which are in turn created by the application layer. The application layer contains the main logic and is present at the server side. The database is generally Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). Model-View Controller A lot of frameworks follows the Model View Controller pattern to differentiate the user interface with the data model. It is a best practice to perform code modularization, perform reuse of the codes etc. This is most used model (Fensel, 2002). Types of Web Programming Frameworks Some of the notable web programming frameworks are C, C++, Java, JavaScript, ASP.NET, PHP, Perl Python, Haskell, D etc. These web programming languages are used by the developers all around the world to create web applications and for providing web based services. The web pages are developed with the use of the frameworks and corresponding database and server layers. These help in the creation of static as well as dynamic web pages which helps the user to interact with the web content. Static Web pages are the ones in which there is only one way communication and transfer of information i.e., from the server side to the user side. However, in case of dynamic web pages, the interaction is two way. The queries from the user or client is processed by the server and appropriate response is sent back to the user. These promotes highly interactive sessions during web surfing. The web applications received a big boost with the evolution of web programming frameworks mentioned above as they helped in the creation of web colony by promoting web based chats and forums (Prosise 2002). The most used among the above mentioned frameworks are ASP.NET and Java in association with HTML, C# etc. These frameworks collectively is used for more than 90% of web applications development. The use of the web programming framework is much more in todays world where the advancement in technology is going on at an exponential pace. There may be many more improvements in the existing web programming frameworks in recent times so as to cater to the increasing demand of the users. Advantages of Web Programming Framework There are obviously more advantages then disadvantages of using the Web Programming Framework. Some of the notable advantages are as follows: It provides the developers with great opportunity to generate complex codes due to the presence of function call which comprises of 100 of lines of codes within. The developers get the functions from the framework directly without having to rewrite the entire code for the function (Fensel 2002). The frameworks help the developers to develop the websites and other web applications in a small period of time if required. It contains a lot of pre defined tools which helps in easy development of the web applications (Cooper 2007). Before the advent of these frameworks, the cost of any website or web application development was too high but now the cost has gone considerably down. This results in passing down the margins in form of discounts to the customers which in turn is bringing more customers in the web space. Disadvantages of Web Programming Framework There are obviously more advantages then disadvantages of using the Web Programming Framework. Some of the notable disadvantages are as follows: The presence of varied pre-coded functions are leading to the loss of understanding of the basic codes behind those function in the developers. While using the pre-configured functions, the developers are now not at all bothered about the entire code which is present beneath that function (Balat 2009). Going further to the above point, the developers today are finding it difficult to implement the same solution outside the framework. They are losing the basic understanding which is proving to be very much disadvantageous for them. The frameworks are standard and any customization to the building blocks of the framework is near to impossible. This restricts some developers to carry out certain activities. Conclusion The introduction of the web development framework has come as a boon to the developers. On a larger view point, the entire web society has been reaping the benefits of these frameworks in the last decade. With these frameworks and a few modifications, the world is looking at some more advancement in the web applications and services domain. References Balat, Vincent, Jrme Vouillon, and Boris Yakobowski. "Experience report: ocsigen, a web programming framework." ACM Sigplan Notices 44.9 (2009): 311-316. Barbarosogcaron, G. "A two-stage stochastic programming framework for transportation planning in disaster response." Journal of the Operational Research Society 55.1 (2004): 43-53. Battr, Dominic, et al. "Nephele/PACTs: a programming model and execution framework for web-scale analytical processing." Proceedings of the 1st ACM symposium on Cloud computing. ACM, 2010. Cooper, Ezra, et al. "Links: Web programming without tiers." Formal Methods for Components and Objects. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. Fensel, Dieter, and Christoph Bussler. "The web service modeling framework WSMF." Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 1.2 (2002): 113-137. Liu, Hua, and Manish Parashar. "Accord: a programming framework for autonomic applications." Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, IEEE Transactions on 36.3 (2006): 341-352. Miller, Robert C., and Krishna Bharat. "SPHINX: a framework for creating personal, site-specific Web crawlers." Computer Networks and ISDN systems 30.1 (1998): 119-130. Prosise, Jeff. Programming Microsoft. NET. Microsoft Press, 2002.

Advertisements Analysis and Comparison

When it comes to ensuring the commercial/aesthetic appeal of an advertised product, it is crucially important to remain thoroughly aware of what accounts for the specifics of the targeted audience’s consumer-behavior. In their turn, these specifics are best discussed within the context of how the targeted consumers’ cultural affiliation affects their cognitive leanings/existential attitudes, in general, and their purchasing decision-making, in particular (Mooij 2007, p. 27).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisements Analysis and Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is understood, of course, that this suggestion contradicts the assumption that, due to the rise of Globalization, the qualitative aspects of people’s consumerist behavior in different parts of the world grow increasingly unified. Hence, a ‘universalist’ theory of marketing, which implies that there is no t much of a sense in adjusting advertisement-campaigns to be fully observant of how targeted buyers tend to perceive the surrounding reality. This theory, however, cannot be referred to as such that represents an undisputed truth-value. The reason for this is simple – despite an ongoing economic Globalization, there is a plenty of evidence that the manner, in which consumers perceive the actual value of advertised goods and services, continues to be highly reflective of what happened to be the particulars of these people’s culturally defined ‘brain wiring’. In my paper, I will aim to substantiate the validity of this thesis at length, in regards to the American (Western) and Korean (Oriental) advertisement-posters of beer, seen bellow: â€Å"Appreciation unfolds in the morning!† Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"King of beers† Semiotic analysis American (Western) Semantics. The advertisement-message, conveyed by American poster is clearly object-oriented. The depicted bottle of beer is meant to emphasize both: the promoted beverage’s coldness/tastefulness and the fact that it is specifically Budweiser that ‘reigns’ over the rest of the beer-brands. This is also the reason why the bottle’s lid is flipped upside down – it makes the bottle appear as if it was wearing a ‘crown’. The bottle of Budweiser beer is situated at the poster’s very center, which increases the extent of viewers’ emotional/cognitive comfortableness with the conveyed message even further. Syntactics. The typed message, seen above the depicted object, thoroughly correlates with the poster’s visual semiotics, because it does encourage consumers to assume that in the ‘world of beer’, Budweiser dominates. The message’s strongly defined affirmativeness does not pro vide observes with much of a liberty to interpret the promoted idea’s ideological connotation. Pragmatics. The pragmatic subtleties of this particular advertisement-poster are concerned with the poster’s assumed ability to encourage beer-consumers to believe that, by drinking Budweiser beers they become ‘empowered’. This, of course, increases the emotional appeal of the Budweiser beer-brand to American (Western) audiences even further, because they predominantly consist of people endowed with the so-called ‘Faustian’ (domination-seeking) mentality (Greenwood 2009, p. 53).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisements Analysis and Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Korean (Oriental) Semantics. The overall message, conveyed by Korean poster, is best defined as a context-oriented. That is, by observing this poster, consumers are expected to think of the actual reaso n why they drink beer, as such that is being concerned with helping them to explore their individuality, rather than with allowing them to experience a purely sensory pleasure. This is exactly the reason why the image of a smiling young woman clearly dominates the poster and why the advertised bottle of beer is situated at the poster’s bottom-right corner. Syntactics. The typed message, seen in this poster, appears context-oriented, as well. This is because it merely encourages potential consumers to establish a dialectical link between the notions of ‘appreciation’ and ‘beer’, without forcing the audience’s members to assume that such a link exists de facto. As such, it is being fully consistent with the poster’s visual semiotics. Pragmatics. While exposed to this poster, potential consumers are expected to consider the possibility that, by drinking the advertised beer, they will be able to substantially increase the sheer intensity of their perception of the surrounding reality’s emanations, which in turn will make them more appreciative of their life-experiences. This implies that the poster is being fully attuned to the workings of the so-called ‘Apollonian’ (Oriental psyche), concerned with Oriental people’s strive to coexist with the nature peacefully, rather than with trying to dominate it (Greenwood, p. 54). Overt vs covert messages American (Western) As it was implied earlier, the commercial appeal of American advertisement-poster reflects the designers’ awareness of the fact that the foremost psychological trait, on the part of the targeted audience’s members, is their deep-seated anxiety to dominate others. In its turn, this explains why the overt messages, conveyed by this poster (such as the logo ‘king of beers’), exploit the ‘appeal to masculinity’. Nevertheless, there are also a number of covert (subliminal) overtones to this particu lar appeal. For example, the color of the poster’s background is dark-red, which is supposed to evoke in potential consumers the image of the ancient Roman god of war Mars. The poster’s vertically-aligned format is clearly reminiscent of the notion of hierarchy, which has traditionally been associated with the notion of masculinity.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apparently, while exposed to this poster, male beer-lovers are expected to grow increasingly comfortable with the idea that by drinking Budweiser beer, they will be more likely to attain a social prominence in male-dominated societies. Moreover, because the bottle of Budweiser beer, depicted in the poster, appears visually subliminal of an erect penis, the targeted buyers’ prolonged exposure to it will inevitably result in encouraging them to think that the consumption of Budweiser beer, on their part, is the direct pathway towards ensuring the undermined integrity of their sexual powers. Korean (Oriental) Even though that, formally speaking, Korean poster does convey the overt message that the activity of drinking beer does make people more appreciative of the surrounding reality, the actual appeal of this poster is concerned with the sheer potency of the promoted message’s covert undertones. Apparently, poster’s designers never ceased being fully aware of the fact that, while deciding in favor of buying a particular product, Orientals tend to act in an essentially intuitive manner (Norenzayan et al. 2002, p. 653). The validity of this statement can be well illustrated in regards to the poster’s horizontally-aligned format, which correlates with these people’s tendency to think and act ‘holistically’ – that is, without trying to exercise a ‘hierarchic’ control over the surrounding reality. The large image of a smiling young woman, contained in the poster, encourages onlookers to think of the process of consuming alcoholic beverages in terms of a ‘relaxation’, rather than in terms of an ‘aggression’. The poster’s blue-colored background emphasizes this particular perceptual aspect even further. Because poster’s designers knew perfectly well that it is in the very nature of the targeted audience’s members to contextualize informational inputs, they made a deliberate point in downsizing the advertised product visually and in placing it in the poster’s right-bottom corner. By doing it, they succeeded in confirming the potential consumers’ intuitive insight that the consumption of alcoholic beverages cannot be thought of as ‘thing in itself’ (as Westerners tend to do), but rather as something that makes one more emotionally comfortable, while socializing with others. In light of what has been said earlier, it will only be logical to suggest that, when it comes to advertising commercial products, meant to appeal to Western audiences, on the one hand, and to Oriental audiences, on the other, advertisers should remain observant of the following: Westerners tend to cognitively subjectualize themselves within the surrounding social/natural environment. As Bower (2000) noted, â€Å"In a variety of reasoning tasks†¦ (Westerners) adopt an ‘analytic’ perspective. They look for the traits of o bjects while largely ignoring their context† (p. 57). In its turn, this implies that the marketing campaigns, aimed at Westerners, should provide would-be-consumers with a rationale-based reason to purchase the advertised products. Orientals tend to think of themselves in terms of the surrounding reality’s integral part. Hence, the Orientals’ culturally predetermined tendency to think of causes and effects, as such that derive out of each other cyclically (contextually) rather than linearly (Masuda et al. 2008, p. 1265). What it means is that, while trying to make a particular product emotionally appealing to Oriental consumers, advertisers should focus on emphasizing this product’s ability to help the targeted buyers to celebrate their existential self-identity. The earlier conducted semiotic analysis of both posters points out to the fact that, contrary to the provisions of a ‘universalist’ marketing theory, consumers’ ethno-cultural affiliation does play an important role in how they perceive the de facto relevancy of commercial advertisements. Therefore, even though that the application of Maslow’s ‘theory of needs’ (within the context of designing marketing-strategies) continues to remain fully appropriate, marketers should never cease being aware of the fact that consumers’ first-order, second-order and third-order priorities cannot be discussed outside of what happened to be the particulars of the concerned individuals’ cultural leanings. The same analysis also suggests that, in order for a particular advertisement to be considered fully effective, it must be ‘covertly sound’ – that is, potential buyers should not only be in a position to recognize the legitimacy of the conveyed message consciously, but also unconsciously. In its turn, this again implies that it represents the matter of a crucial importance for marketers to be able to understand what acc ount for the workings of the targeted audience’s ‘collective psyche’. As it was shown throughout the course of this paper’s Analytical part, there is nothing accidental about the fact that, despite being concerned with advertising the same line of products (beer), the analyzed American and Korean posters do not correlate with each other semiotically. This is because they were designed to appeal to the groups of people, who due to the characteristics of their cultural affiliation, differ in how they indulge in cognitive processes. Thus, it will be only logical to reinstate once again that there can indeed be very little uniformity to the deployment of marketing strategies in different parts of the world. I believe that this conclusion fully correlates with the paper’s initial thesis. References Bower, B 2000, ‘Cultures of reason’, Science News, vol. 157 no. 4, pp. 56-58. De Mooij, M 2004, Consumer behavior and culture: consequences for g lobal marketing and advertising, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. Greenwood, S 2009, Anthropology of magic, Berg Publishers, Oxford. Masuda, T, Gonzales, R, Kwan, L Nisbett, R 2008, ‘Culture and aesthetic preference: comparing the attention to context of East Asians and Americans’, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 34 no. 9, pp. 1260-1275. Norenzayan, A, Smith, E, Beom, J Nisbett, R 2002, ‘Cultural preferences for formal versus intuitive reasoning’, Cognitive Science, vol. 26 no. 5, pp. 653-684. This essay on Advertisements Analysis and Comparison was written and submitted by user Marlee Ratliff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Noel Gallagher Essays - Oasis, Noel Gallagher, Tony McCarroll

Noel Gallagher Essays - Oasis, Noel Gallagher, Tony McCarroll Noel Gallagher I believe that it is the music of our time that will be remembered long after we are gone, and it is bands like Oasis that led the revolution which took place recently. Oasis, headed by brothers Liam and Noel Gallagher was the first band after The Beatles to lash out against what had become the normal way a band should be, and that is why they will be known for years to come as the band who changed rock music. Noel Gallagher was born on May 29, 1967 in Manchester, he was the second son of Thomas and Margaret Gallagher. Thomas, Tommy to the boys at the pub, was a construction worker. He and his wife, known to her pals as Peggy, resided in the working-class Manchester suburb called Burnage with their first boy, Paul. "God was playing a joke when He made me," Noel Gallagher once said. "You know, 'Let's make this guy a writer and a guitar player, but let's make him write with his left hand but play with his right, and let's have him born in the middle of May and give him a Christmas name like Noel. Little did Noel know that when he grew up he was to become the frontman of one of the most influential rock bands in music history at a time when music was the most influential form of speech on the planet. Little Liam arrived in the Gallagher household five years later, on September 21, 1972. He and Noel were forced to share a bedroom, something that always bothered Noel to no end, seeing how Paul, just a year-and-a-half older than him, had his own room. But Liam and Noel made the best of it, and the bedroom saw the beginnings of the somewhat loving, often heated relationship between the brothers. The boys kept a running record of their childhood by scrawling on their wall, later described by Tommy as their "wonderwall", later to become the title of one of their biggest selling singles. Bits of songs, poems, favourite bands, football teams and the like were all immortalised on their bedroom wall. In addition to their love of football, the lads also became engrossed with rock'n'roll. Both Noel and Liam were big fans of tubby '70s glamrocker Alvin Stardust. "When he came on telly they'd mime along and pretend to be Alvin," their father remembers, "and I'd always catch them singing into hairbrushes and playing air guitar." Most important to Noel's musical growth was the North's all-time greatest band, the Beatles. Like many youngsters, the songsmith first fell in love with the Fab Four via their Red and Blue hits collections, and they formed the basis of his musical sensibility for years to come. "I was about six when I started hearing the Red Album " he recalled in an interview "They're songs to grow up with, really...The Red Album documents the Beatles as the greatest pop band ever and The Blue Album documents them as the greatest rock band ever." Noel's school life was problematic at best. While he was plainly a bright young man, he battled with a minor case of dyslexia, which, topped with the poor quality of Manchester's schools, was a dangerous combination. "School didn't really hold anything for me," he explained later. "I knew from a very early age what I wanted to be, I wanted to be a musician." A chronic childhood kidney infection gave Noel his first taste of standing apart from the crowd. Because of his ailment, young Noel was not required to adhere to his primary school's dress code. "I was the only kid allowed to wear long trousers," he remembered. "The others had these little grey shorts and I had these dead cool black skin-tight trousers with little Doc Martens. Everybody hated me." "I was a bit of a rogue when I was young," Noel once said, "I used to wag school and be into... glue sniffing and stuff. Then me and this lad robbed our corner shop, which is a very stupid thing to do, cos everyone knows exactly who you are.? Noel was put on probation and was grounded for six months. He had absolutely nothing to do so he just sat there playing one string on an acoustic guitar. ?I thought I was really good for about a year, until someone tuned it up. Then I thought, 'I can't play the thing at all now. I'm gonna have to start all over again. When Noel was around 13, he ordered his

Business report on ZARA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business report on ZARA - Essay Example Zara operates in a highly competitive industry. In analyzing its external environment, this paper will use the PESTEL model, which details the various external factors that favor or affect the general performance of the company. The external factors in the analysis are political factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors, Technological factors, Environmental factors and the legal factors in place (Brooks & Wilkinson, 2011, p.68). The PESTEL model generally measures the market of a company (Wetherly & Otter, 2011, p.10).Political factors The Governments and political parties in a country are key factors in the establishment of a political environment (Halbert & Ingulli, 2009, p.21). The Spanish government is relatively stable and has provided measures that boost the performance of businesses. Since the main production plant is in Spain, and it's being centralized, this makes it the backbone of the company. The favorable political environment made possible by the political stabi lity in the country and favorable government policies have been a key silent factor in the success of Zara’s production unit. In addition, the government tax policies and investment policies have been favorable for the past decade of its operation in Spain and can be attributed to influence the performance of Zara positively. The company faces normal economic fluctuations like other companies such as movement in interest rates, changes in foreign exchange rates and a shift in inflation rates.  ... Further, in its expansion into other countries of operation, the political support and stability was critically assessed before the decisions were made. Economic factors The company faces normal economic fluctuations like other companies such as movement in interest rates, changes in foreign exchange rates and a shift in inflation rates. However, Zara, for all its time of operation has only been dealing in a single currency. Though this had seemed to pose many transactional problems due to their large scale of operations, the company preferred to use a safer currency. This is believed to be the reason that Zara was not affected by the recession, which was caused by adverse movement in the dollar. Before its entry into new markets, the company evaluates the economic conditions of the country it wants to launch operations to ensure stability and relative predictability. Socio-cultural factors Social-cultural factors mainly include the cultural aspects in the region of operation includi ng factors such as population trends, the attitudes of the populations (Collison, 2003, p.32). Trends in socio-cultural factors have a great impact on the demand of a firms products and the operational processes of the company (Cadle & Yeates, 2010, p.33). For Zara, their element of trend chasing has led to them studying the cultural trends in terms of fashion and their attitudes towards dressing in order to give their customers a specific customised experience according to the region of operation hence gaining more market share. In addition, the company is located in a country that has firm cultural roots that contributes to its performance. Technological factors Technology is a key factor in the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations today (Kew &

American Civil War Description Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

American Civil War Description - Term Paper Example "Defeat and emancipation destroyed the slave society of the Old South, and gave birth to a different southern society." (Roark, et al; Page 370). "All Americans experienced the crucible of war; but the war affected no group more than the four million African Americans who saw its beginning as slaves and emerged as free people" (Roark, et al; page 370). "Abraham Lincoln faced the worst crisis in the history of the nation: the threat of disunion. He revealed his strategy on March 4, 1861, in his inaugural address, firm yet conciliatory. First, he vowed to avoid any action that would push the Upper South out of the Union; second, he reassured the Lower South that the Republicans would not abolish slavery. (Roark, et al; Page 370)Always, Lincoln denied the right of secession and upheld Union. "His counterpart, Jefferson Davis, however, fully intended to establish the Confederate States of America as an independent republic." (Roark, et al; Page 370). "To achieve permanence, Davis had to sustain the secession fever that had carried the Lower South out of the Union" and add new stars to the Confederate flag." (Roark, et al; page 371). However, both wanted to achieve their objectives peacefully; but, as Lincoln later observed, "both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish." (Roark, et al; page 371). Masterfully, Lincoln thus shifted the fateful decision of war or peace to Davis." (Roark, et al; page 371). "On April 9, 1861, Davis and his Cabinet met to consider the situation in Charleston harbor. Territorial integrity of the Confederacy demanded the end of the federal presence, Davis argued, but his secretary of State Robert Toombs of Georgia pleaded against military action. Davis rejected Toombs' prophecy and sent word to Confederate troops in Charleston to take the fort. Bombardment reduced the fort to rubble.

History, Point of View, Interpretation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History, Point of View, Interpretation - Essay Example 1 History is normally viewed as just a written narrative of past events. Allan Munslow however argued that although the facts are correctly stated, history is presented by historians through a narrative as to how he understands and interprets these facts, which is mainly biased towards how he interprets and understands the events of the past. As Munslow put it, history â€Å"cannot escape its authorship†¦ the past is not just re-interpreted according to new evidence but also through self-conscious acts of re-writing as well.†2 As such, there is a tendency of historians to offer their point of view according to their personal interpretation of events. Munslow contends that present day historical authors and is more inclined on presenting events according to their interpretation. The emphasis now is less on history as a process of objective discovery and report but, rather, accepts its unavoidably fictive nature, that is, its literary contractedness. By this I mean recognizing the figurative assumptions that underpin authorial activity in creating the text†¦often determining the selection of evidence and its most likely meaning†¦Postmodern history, because it is a literary†¦ cannot escape its authorship†¦the past is not just re-interpreted according to new evidence but also through self-conscious acts of re-writing as well†¦include the historians pre-narrative assumptions and how we translate those assumptions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3 Antonia Castaneda’s, Spanish Violence against Amerindian Women present two different interpretations of events in the history of California. These different views are due to different ideological perspectives of the two authors. Castaneda focused on the oppression and sexual exploitation of Amerindian women by Spaniards. Her study discussed brutality of soldiers to the women, critically analyzing of situations of the Amerindian women before and during the Spanish conquest of California and how natives

Septic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis Comparison

Septic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis Comparison Septic infectious arthritis and reactive arthritis are two arthritic disorders that result from an infection. Though they both are related in their etiology and in their characteristic of causing arthritic joints, each of them are actually different in the way the infection triggers the condition. The main difference between the two conditions may be further clarified with the examination of the terminology used for each. Origin of Terminology Septic arthritis derives its name from the term sepsis which pertains to the systemic compromise due to the spread of infection  [1]  ; this is the reason why the term is at times used interchangeably with infectious arthritis. Reactive arthritis was previously known as Reiters Syndrome named after the late German physician Hans Conrad Julius Reiter who was instrumental in the identification and description of the condition.  [2]  The term Reiters syndrome has lost popularity due to the exposure of Reiters history as a Nazi party member during his prosecution in the Nuremberg trials as a war criminal because of his alleged participation in the forced human experimentations in the Buchenwald concentration camp; this urged a group of doctors to campaign for the renaming of term Reiters syndrome into reactive arthritis back in 1977.  [3]  The condition may also be known as arthritis urethritica, polyarteritis enterica, or venereal arthritis. (1) The term arthritis urethritic a was coined due to its tendency to occur after a genitourinary infection, (2) the term polyarteritis enterica was coined due to its tendency to affect multiple joints and its tendency to occur after a gastrointestinal infection, and (3) the term venereal arthritis was coined due to the tendency of the condition to occur after a known venereal disease infection. The main difference between reactive arthritis from septic arthritis is that septic arthritis caused by the infection of the joint. However, reactive arthritis is not caused by an infection to the joint itself, but is rather an autoimmune response in reaction to an infection on another part of the body. Each disorder will be discussed further in depth in this chapter. Overviews, Microbiology, and Prevalence Septic Arthritis Septic arthritis is an infection resulting in an arthritis characterized by purulent invasion and intense pain at the infected joint.  [4]  Aside from being interchangeable with the term infectious arthritis, this condition may also be known as suppurative arthritis due to its characteristic of producing purulent substances or pus, and may also be known as bacterial arthritis, even though the condition may at times be of fungal or viral origin instead of the commonly bacterial origin. The causative infectious agent in septic arthritis can spread to the joint from other previously infected areas of the body. The infection may sometimes only affect a single joint without affecting other parts of the body, but the infection may still spread to other body parts. Septic arthritis commonly affects the knee or wrist, and may also affect other joints such as the ankle, hip, elbow, shoulder, and shoulder. The infection infiltrates and damages the joint causing severe pain, suppuration, he at, and swelling. This severe form of arthritis also develops along with the sudden onset of fever, chills, and joint pain.  [5]  On the occasion that the sufferer of some forms of septic arthritis do not seek rapid medical attention for diagnosis and treatment, the joint may incur irreversible and permanent damage and in a period of days. Therefore, the situation should be regarded as a medical emergency. Gonococcal arthritis is the most prevalent form of septic arthritis in the United States  [6]  . This class of septic arthritis is less prevalent in other areas of the world such as Western Europe where it is presently uncommon. The causative organism behind this form of the condition is the gram-negative diplococcus bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae which was most likely spread to the joint systematically due to disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). This specific condition can be manifested as either arthritis-dermatitis syndrome which is a bacteremic infection accounting for sixty percent of gonococcal arthritis cases, or it can be manifested as an arthritic infection localized to a single joint which accounts for the remaining forty percent of cases.  [7]   Reactive Arthritis Reactive arthritis is an autoimmune condition caused by the bodys immune response to an infection. The causative infection is not located at the affected joint itself (cross-reactivity).  [8]  The triggering infection is usually or often already in remission by the time the patient presents with arthritic symptoms, thus making it difficult to ascertain the initial cause. Cultures taken from the synovial fluid of the joints affected by reactive arthritis will characteristically yield negative results indicating the cause is not a direct infection to the joint, but instead may be plausibly due to the over-stimulation of the autoimmune response or by the depositing of bacterial antigens in the joints by an unknown manner. Though the mechanism of reaction from the infection is still unknown, it is said that reactive arthritis often manifests within one to three weeks after a known infection. Microbiology of Arthritis The etiology of septic arthritis is commonly bacterial in naturemycobacterial, viral, and fungal arthritis occur in rare cases.  [9]  The pathogen responsible for septic arthritis must reach the synovial membrane of the joint. The micro-organisms are usually carried to the joint by the bloodstream from an infectious source such as wound infections and abscesses located elsewhere on the body, introduced by skin lesions or trauma that penetrates into the joint, or by extension of the infection from adjacent body tissue such adjacent soft tissue infections or bones suffering from an osteomyelitic condition. Being the most common cause of septic arthritis, there are various strains of bacteria that may be the culprit behind this condition. Staphylococcus aureus is the common causative pathogen in adults, while streptococci is the second-most likely causative pathogen in adults.  [10]  Neisseria gonorrhoea is the most prevalent causative microorganism in young adults, although thi s is now thought to be rare in Western Europe.  [11]  Moreover, Haemophilus influenzae was the most prevalent causative pathogen in children but is now declining in areas where haemophilus vaccinations have been introduced.  [12]  Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the most likely causative micro-organism among the elderly, the seriously ill, and users of intravenous drugs. Salmonella, brucella, and tuberculosis are the causative pathogens behind septic spinal arthritis.  [13]  Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the bacterium responsible for endocarditis, has also been identified as a causative pathogen for septic arthritis in children who have suffered a penetrating wound directly to the joints.  [14]   Reactive arthritis may also be caused by bacterial infection. It is triggered by a recent preceding infection; the most common culprit in the United States would be the genital infection Chlamydia trachomatis. The bacterium known as Ureaplasma urealytium, which is a pathogen of the urinary tract, is also known to trigger the condition. The condition may also be triggered by bouts of gastrointestinal infection or food poisoning from Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter, which are all enteric bacteria genera.  [15]  The infection is not located in the ailing joint, and may no longer present elsewhere on the body by the time the reactive arthritis develops. Other microorganisms may still be behind a case reactive arthritis but the evidence indicating them to be the actual cause is still circumstantial.  [16]   Prevalence of Septic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis Young children, older adults, and individuals with artificial joints are at greater risk than the general population to develop septic arthritis. Those with artificial joints may be infected with different organisms in comparison with the general population, and may present with slightly different symptoms.  [17]  In general, if an individual affected by septic arthritis seeks medical attention and treatment within a week after the first symptoms appear, they will most likely make a full recovery. On the other hand, individuals aged twenty to forty years of age are more likely to be affected by reactive arthritis. Men are more likely to be affected by the condition than women. Caucasian people are more likely to be affected than individuals of African-American descent; this is due to the frequent occurrence of the HLA-B27 gene within the white population.  [18]  Patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) also have an increased risk of developing this condit ion. Arthritis makes it extremely difficult for affected individuals to remain physically active as many individuals become bound to their homes. These individuals will increase their risk for obesity, depression, and heart disease due to their inactivity and anxiety from worsening disability.  [19]   The Immune Systems Role in Arthritis Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis are both conditions that involve the immune systems autoimmune response. However, septic arthritis is the result of the bodys normal immune response to an actual infection present at the ailing joint. On the other hand, reactive arthritis is the result of the immune systems abnormal immune response to what it believes is a present infection at the joint but is, however, absent or is an infection on a part of the body aside from the joint; this mistaken response which may be due to misinterpretation or oversensitivity is considered abnormal and is classified as an autoimmune disease. An overview of the human bodys immune system can better explain the mechanism by which these two conditions come into fruition. Overview of the Human Immune System The human immune system is an intricate defense system designed to specifically defend against the many different types of pathogens. Pathogens are any organism, usually a live organism, which can cause disease. Pathogens include bacteria which are single celled organisms capable of living outside the body, protozoa which are single celled organisms that live and are spread through water, pathogenic proteins which are multi-celled organisms that can only reproduce in another more complex living organism, fungi which are plant-like multi-celled organisms that take nutrition from other living organism such as plants and animals, viruses which are actually multi-celled organisms that invade and reproduce inside another microbial organism, and parasites which are full complex organisms which feed off the nutrients of another complex organisms and which tend to live in the intestinal tract or bloodstream of the human body. In theory any one of these organisms can cause septic arthritis or reactive arthritis, but parasites are very unlikely to cause these conditions and bacteria are the most prevalent culprit. In the event that a pathogen passes through the bodys outer physical barriers, such as mucus and the skin, and penetrates into the internal structures of the human body, the immune system kicks in.  [20]   The human bodys immune system response is composed of the non-specific response and the specific response. Non-specific response consists of the complement response, the interferon response, fever response, and the inflammatory response. The complement response is conducted by the activation of complement proteins which bind with pathogens with lipid layers, such as bacteria, to destroy their lipid layers allowing water to shift into the pathogen to drown them, or by the activation of macrophages which engulf the invading pathogen. Interferon response is conducted by a cell that has been infected with a virus. The infected cell produces a chemical protein known as interferon which will bind to uninfected cells preventing the virus from readily infecting them. The fever is conducted in response to toxin present in the body which may or may not be produced by bacteria; pyrogen, which is a chemical also known as Interleukin 1, is responsible for resetting and increasing the bodys temper ature and may cause gradual joint degeneration. Inflammatory response is the result of the release of histamines in response to tissue damage or infection; histamine is capable of causing capillary dilation which allows for greater capillary permeability, which in turn allows for white blood cells to gather at an infected site, for fluid to create inflammation and swelling at the site to create cushioning, and for an increase in temperature at the affected site. The inflammatory response and fever response are the main responses responsible for the signs and symptoms present during both septic arthritis and reactive arthritis. The human bodys specific immune response is mostly managed by the different types of leukocytes which are better known as white blood cells (WBCs). White blood cells can be classified as eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Eosinophils serve to produce interleukins which are chemicals that serve a vital role as immune system neurotransmitters that relay messages between the many different white blood cells to ensure that they work together and cooperate as an effective system against pathogens and to ensure that the immune system does not attack the bodys own cells. Macrophages are also known as phagocytes, meaning they are capable of conducting phagocytosis which is the process of engulfing, killing, and digesting of pathogens and cellular debris; after digestion, the degraded pathogen is turned in peptides which can act as antigens. The antigens produced by the macrophages are then carried by the macrophages into the lymph nodes where the helper T-cells utilize them to signal the B-cells to create antibodies. The last type of white blood cell is collectively called lymphocytes. The lymphocytes can be further subdivided into B-cells, NK cells, and T-cells. B-cells are responsible for creating immunoglobulin, or antibodies, that are specific to a certain pathogen as identified by their antigen. Antigens are protein peptides that exist on the outer surface of pathogens; these antigens are used to differentiate and identify cells and pathogens that are foreign to the host body. The helper T-cells who receive the antigen produced by the macrophage produce lymphokines which instruct the B-cells on the production of the specific antibody. When the B-cells produce the specific antibody, B plasma cells begin to create more copies of its own self to create more antibodies. These antibodies, when released into the bloodstream, will then proceed to bind with the antigens on the actual pathogens to signal the killer T-cells to attack these foreign organisms. The B-cells will also produce B memory cells, which are inactive B plasma cells. These inactive B memory cells last longer than their active B plasma cell counterparts, which last for about five to seven days; the presence of the B memory cells in the bloodstream allows them to respond faster to secondary exposures to the same pathogens in the future. Natural killer (NK) cells are cells that are activated by interferons, which interfere with virus replication, and chemicals produced by macrophages which have ingested a virus. Natural killer cells engulf virus pathogens to prevent them from reproducing until a killer T-cell is developed to kill the contained virus. T-cells are responsible for identifying and destroying specific pathogens and consist of helper T-cells, killer T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells. Helper T-cells receive antigens from macrophages which have ingested a pathogen and instruct the B-cells to produce antibodies which will in turn signal the killer T-cells. Killer T-cells are responsible for finding and destroying pathogens by injecting them with cytotoxins. Memory T-cells are derivatives of helper T-cells which circulate around the body and perform the same functions as their parent cells. Suppressor T-cells are responsible for slowing down and deactivating the immune response once the foreign o rganisms and pathogens have been eliminated. What Goes Wrong with the Immune Response Septic arthritis is really the result of the damage caused by the invading organisms and the normal immune response of the body to the infection in that specific joint or set of joints. In septic arthritis, the macrophages ingest a pathogen that has infected a joint. The macrophages then degrade the pathogen into antigens and relay them to the helper T-cells in the lymph nodes. The T-cells then create antibodies specific to the antigens on the pathogens. The inflammatory response also releases histamine which increases the blood flowing into the affected joint to cause swelling, redness, and pain, which in turn causes stiffness and difficulty moving in the joint to cause arthritic symptoms. Meanwhile, the invading organisms cause damage to the joints. Such damage incurred by the joints may be irreparable if medical attention is not immediately sought after. Suppuration which is the result of the white blood cells fight against the invading microorganisms may also contribute to the ar thritic condition. The fever response that triggers the release of pyrogen may also contribute to the degeneration of the joint. Although the exact etiology of the condition is still uncertain, unlike septic arthritis, reactive arthritis is caused by a faulty immune system response. The condition occurs in the absence and aftermath of an actual infection that is located in a part of the body aside from the affected joints. Two theories exist for the purpose of explanation. The first theory speculates that there are antigens deposited in the affected joint; the second theory speculates that the immune system has become faulty in detecting the actual presence or absence pathogens and creates an exaggerated immune response in the joints even though there is no infection or the infection is located elsewhere on the body. These theories causes the immune system to believe in a current infection and will release histamine and pyrogen to produce inflammation and fever. The inflammation will again cause the joint(s) to be stiff, painful, and immobileall of which are arthritic symptoms. The absence of an actual pathogen may mean that the inflammation and fever will last for an uncertain length of time but the absence of an actual pathogen will also mean that there is little to no actual damage to the affected joint. Distinguishing Characteristics There are over a hundred forms of arthritis, all of which involve some degree of inflammation, pain, and immobility of an affected joint.  [21]  The many different types are the result of several different causes and these causes may point towards what distinguishes each form of arthritis from the other. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease and is the most common presentation of arthritis; it can result from trauma to the joint, direct infection to the joint, daily wear and tear, muscle strain, fatigue, or simply from old age. Other forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis are attributed to autoimmune diseases. The main thing that differentiates septic arthritis and reactive arthritis from other types of arthritis is that they are mainly results of infection. This means that they will most likely present with fever. The main difference between reactive arthritis from septic arthritis is that the latter is when infection of the joint itself is the cause of the suppuration leading to the arthritis. However, reactive arthritis is not caused by an infection to the joint itself, but rather the inflammation is caused by an autoimmune response to an infection located on another part of the body; this is known as cross reactivity.  [22]  Septic arthritis will most likely affect an individual joint (monoarthritic) if only one joint is infected. Nonetheless, the possible systemic nature of reactive arthritis allows it to most likely affect several joints (polyarthritis). Septic arthritis will also most likely yield positive culture results and present with suppuration, unlike reactive arthritis which may not yield the same results due to the absence of an infection at the actual site of arthritic symptoms. Techniques and Research Diagnostic Techniques The diagnosis of arthritis in general is made through a clinical examination that is conducted by a duly licensed and qualified health professional, who may require other examinations such as blood tests and radiology to create a differential diagnosis for the suspected arthritis. However, radiographs (x-ray) and sonographs (ultrasound) are mostly used only to assess and monitor the severity and progression of the condition. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also an effective diagnostic tool. The history of the current disorder may guide diagnosis; some significant markers include: speed and time of onset, pattern and symmetry of joint involvement, aggravating and relieving factors, quality and severity of pain, and other systemic symptoms. An example of this is the use of pain patterns; for example, rheumatoid arthritis is generally worse in pain and stiffness during mornings, but in comparison, osteoarthritis is usually aggravated after strenuous activities such as exercise. There is no diagnostic test to completely rule out septic arthritis; however, it should be considered whenever a patient presents with rapid onset of joint pain. Usually it only affects one joint (monoarthritis); however, several joints can be affected simultaneously in cases involving staphylococcus or gonococcus infections. The affected joints may present with pain, swelling, redness, and warmth, often affecting joints in the limbs instead of deep joints such as the hips or shoulders. A fever of a bove 38.5 degrees Celsius and history of septic arthritis may also be indicative of the condition. The Gram stain can rule towards a septic arthritis diagnosis but cannot rule it out.  [23]  Gram stain and culture of fluid from the joint and blood test serums can also rule towards a positive diagnosis when yielding elevated neutrophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), and WBCs. Being a sort of systemic autoimmune disorder, reactive arthritis can be expected to cause polyarthritis which is a multiple joint arthritic condition. The affected joints may also present with pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. Swabs taken from the urethra, cervix, stool, urine, or the throat can be cultured in an attempt to identify the causative organisms. Blood tests and synovial fluid cultures may also be done to reveal elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and CRP to support the diagnosis. A blood screening may be done to identify the presence of the gene HLA-B27, which is present in an estimated eighty percent of all patients suffering from reactive arthr itis.  [24]   Treatment Techniques Treatment for arthritis in general includes lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight control, physical therapy, orthopedic braces, and medications. The main goal of treatment for both septic and reactive arthritis is to identify and eradicate the causative pathogen with the appropriate antibiotics. In the meantime, the treatment is symptomatic. Medications such as antibiotics, NSAIDS, steroids, and analgesia can help decrease inflammation in the joint resulting in decreased pain and hampered joint damage.  [25]  Reactive arthritis may require immunosuppressant medications in addition to the above medications to reduce oversensitivity of the immune system. Extreme pain, redness, and swelling may require drainage by needle puncture to alleviate these signs of inflammation. Surgical replacement of the joints may also be needed in eroding types of arthritis such as certain strains of septic arthritis. Surgical debridement or arthrotomy is usually indicated for infections involvi ng prosthetic joints. Individuals for whom surgery is contraindicated will have to undergo long-term trial antibiotic therapy.  [26]   Analysis Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis are two arthritic conditions that result from the human immune systems response to infection. Septic arthritis is the result of an infection on the arthritic joint; if one joint is infected, only one joint shall be suffer arthritic symptoms. Reactive arthritis is the result of an exaggerated immune response to an infection that does not involve the arthritic joint; this condition may be systemic and may affect multiple joints. Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis may both be caused by any pathogen including bacteria, mycobacterium, virus, and fungi; however, bacterial infections are the most prevalent culprit. Since both septic arthritis and reactive arthritis are the result of an infection, what distinguishes them from most other forms of arthritis is that both of them may present with fever and some degree of suppuration in addition to the usual symptoms of inflammation which include pain, swelling, redness, and warmth at the joint. Septic arthritis will however prove to be the more destructive of the two conditions because it directly infects the joint and may cause permanent and irreversible damage. Since both of the conditions are the result of an infection, both of their treatments include antibiotics, which may usually be given intravenously, and medications that may deal with the symptoms of pain and inflammation may be given. Orthopedic bracing for support and surgical intervention for damaged joints may also be needed in certain cases.

An Analysis of Komanuyakaa Facing It Essay -- Komanuyakaa Facing It E

An Analysis of Facing It  Ã‚      Yusef Komanuyakaa's poem "Facing It" is a brutal examination of the affects that war leaves upon men. The reader can assume that Komanuyakaa drew upon his own experiences in Vietnam, thereby making the poem a personal statement. However, the poem is also a universal and real description of the pain that comes about for a soldier when remembering the horror of war. He creates the poem's persona by using flashbacks to the war, thereby informing the reader as to why the speaker is behaving and feeling the way he is. The thirty-one lines that make up "Facing It" journey back and forth between present and past to tell the story of one man's life. The informal language and intimacy of the poem are two techniques the poet uses to convey his message to his audience. He speaks openly and simply, as if he is talking to a close friend. The language is full of slang, two-word sentences, and rambling thoughts; all of which are aspects of conversations between two people who know each other well. The fact that none of the lines ryhme adds to the idea of an ordinary conversation, because most people do not speak in verse. The tone of the poem is rambling and gives the impression that the speaker is thinking and jumping from one thought to the next very quickly. His outside actions of touching the wall and looking at all the names are causing him to react internally. He is remembering the past and is attempting to suppress the emotions that are rising within him. The first two lines of the poem set the mood of fear and gloom which is constant throughout the remainder of the poem. The word choice of "black" to describe the speaker's face can convey several messages (502). The most obvious meaning ... ..." the speaker is telling his audience that the dead soldier was a young man. The tenderness of his age further amplifies the horrific nature of war. The poem's persona and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall depend on each other to express the poem's intention. The poem's intention is to show that war is lethal, less than gloriful, and extremely real. Although years have gone by, these recollections are still affecting how he lives. Simply standing in front of the wall reminds the speaker of all of this. The Veterans Memorial takes on a life of its own. While the speaker is in its presense, the wall controls him. It forces him to remember painful memories and even cry, something he promised himself he would not do. The persona in the poem reacts to the power the wall has and realizes that he must face his past and everything related to it, especially Vietnam.